Showing posts with label acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Show all posts
Showing posts with label acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Show all posts

Giving your child plenty of fruits and vegetables is vital to ensure their wellbeing, but what if this produce is potentially cancerous? According to a new study, published in the journal Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, the most common form of childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is linked to higher levels of pesticides. Fortunately, a few simple changes around your house can lower your child’s risk.


 


For the study, 112 mothers – 41 of whom had children with ALL – filled out questionnaires asking about use of indoor pesticides, pet products, and lawn services, and how frequently they were exposed to these products before conception, during pregnancy and at the time of the study. While 33% of mothers of the children with ALL reported using pesticides, only 19% of mothers in the healthy group reported likewise. The researchers also took urine samples of the children, and although pesticide residues were present in 99% of the urine samples, levels of two specific pesticides were 25% higher in the children with ALL.


 


The two major pesticides detected in the ALL children are part of a group of chemicals known as organophosphates. The fact that these pesticides harm human health is nothing new, as they’ve long been known to interfere with your nervous system. However, this doesn’t stop organophosphates from being used in 70% of the insecticides in this country. Most notably, these chemicals pop up in chemically grown fruits and vegetables and flea and tick products. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has even banned two forms of organophosphate pesticides for indoor use.


 


According to Warren Porter, PhD, professor of environmental toxicology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the findings aren’t surprising, as his own research has found that pesticides affect human health, interfering with your immune system and hormone levels. He warns, ‘Once you start messing with hormones and immune systems, you raise the risk of cancer.’ So what can you do to enhance your environmental wellness, and protect your family against exposure to organophosphate pesticides?


 


1. Start at your front door: Even if you don’t use pesticides in your home, chances are you have higher levels of them inside than outdoors as people track pesticides in on your shoes. Porter explains, ‘You get pesticides on the soles of your shoes and then it dissolves in the waxes on your floors and in the fibers of your carpet. Taking your shoes off at the front door is a critical first step – pardon the pun.’


 


2. Check your pets: You often find organophosphates in flea and tick products, so you should avoid collaring your pet with a band of chemicals. Instead, use flea combs, regular baths and less-toxic chemicals to keep pests away.


 


3. Be careful with your home-grown fruits and vegetables: As organophosphates are common in chemical lawn and garden sprays, they can contaminate your home-grown produce. Porter recommends spraying vinegar on weeds, as this ‘destabilises the waxy coating on plants that are sprayed with it, and they simply dry up and die.’ He adds that encouraging wasps in your garden can help to eliminate other bugs without destroying your plants. ‘People think we’re crazy,’ he admits. ‘But we’ve never had a problem with cabbage worms.’


 


4. Go organic: UK studies have proved that at least 50% of foods have measurable levels of pesticide residues. The authors wrote, ‘Chronic residential use and the heavy agricultural use of these chemicals on crops, fruits, and vegetables continually expose humans to pesticides via the food chain, air, and water supply despite their short half-lives.’ Porter adds, ‘Anyone concerned about pesticide exposures ought to eat organic foods.’

Since 2009, a new procedure has revolutionised the way that the Mackay Memorial Hospital’s Department for Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, in Taiwan, has treated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), which is the most common cancer among children. The hospital has led the way in using intrathecal chemotherapy as the treatment of choice for ALL, which affects the wellbeing of one in every four children who have cancer.


The hospital recently reported that the treatment improves child cancer wellness by decreasing the rate of central nervous system relapses and avoiding the long-term pathological conditions that prophylactic cranial irradiation can cause. This latter treatment, as well as intrathecal chemotherapy injections, is the traditional method of choice, said department director Liu His-che, but the Mackay Memorial Hospital dropped the use of prophylactic irradiation in 1999. Prophylactic irradiation can cause serious complications and chronic conditions, including brain tumours, neurocognitive deficits, endocrinopathy (which is a hormone imbalance) and stunted growth.


According to Liang Der-cherng, an attending physician at the department who has headed the establishment of a national treatment protocol for childhood ALL since 1993, the lumbar puncture that intrathecal chemotherapy requires is usually done at the time of diagnosis, but this has also been delayed in the new procedure. Liang explained that if you perform a lumbar puncture before the chemotherapy drugs have a chance to eliminate the circulating cancer cells, cancer cells in the blood can be taken to the brain, which could inadvertently complicate the disease.


Liu commented, ‘Mackay has treated 152 children with ALL since 1999 with treatment that omitted prophylactic cranial irradiation and nearly 90% of them were cured, with no cases of isolated central nervous system relapses and a combined central nervous system relapse rate of just 1.4%.’ She added that measuring the level of minimal residual leukaemic cells, in order to accurately predict the risk of relapse, and determine and adjust the intensity of therapy, has also furthered the hospital’s success in treating ALL. ‘It’s better to have a minimal residual leukemia level lower than 0.01%, which is one leukemic cell among 10,000 normal cells,’ Liu said. However, the measurement is, unfortunately, not covered by National Health Insurance.



Hospital Revolutionises Leukaemia Treatments in Taiwan